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HashiCorp VA-002-P: HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate exam is a certification test designed to evaluate an individual's knowledge and skills related to HashiCorp Vault. It is an industry-recognized certification that validates the expertise of professionals in using HashiCorp Vault for secure data management. VA-002-P exam covers various topics, including Vault installation and configuration, secrets management, authentication, and authorization.
NEW QUESTION # 12
True or False? By default, Terraform destroy will prompt for confirmation before proceeding.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:
Terraform destroy will always prompt for confirmation before executing unless passed the -auto-approve flag.
$ terraform destroy
Do you really want to destroy all resources?
Terraform will destroy all your managed infrastructure, as shown above.
There is no undo. Only 'yes' will be accepted to confirm.
Enter a value:
NEW QUESTION # 13
In a Consul cluster, participating nodes can be only one of two types. Select the valid types. (select two)
- A. secondary
- B. primary
- C. passive
- D. follower
- E. leader
- F. active
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
Within each datacenter, we have a mixture of clients and servers. It is expected that there be between three to five servers. This strikes a balance between availability in the case of failure and performance, as consensus gets progressively slower as more machines are added. However, there is no limit to the number of clients, and they can easily scale into the thousands or tens of thousands.
Server or Leader - It indicates whether the agent is running in server or client mode. Server nodes participate in the consensus quorum, storing cluster state, and handling queries. At any given time, the peer set elects a single node to be the leader. The leader is responsible for ingesting new log entries, replicating to followers, and managing when an entry is considered committed.
Client or Follower - Client nodes make up the majority of the cluster, and they are very lightweight as they interface with the server nodes for most operations and maintain a very little state of their own.
Reference link:- https://www.consul.io/docs/internals/architecture.html
NEW QUESTION # 14
What is the proper command to enable the AWS secrets engine at the default path?
- A. vault secrets enable aws
- B. vault secrets aws enable
- C. vault enable aws secrets engine
- D. vault enable secrets aws
Answer: A
Explanation:
The command format for enabling Vault features is vault <feature> <enable/disable> <name>, therefore the correct answer would be vault secrets enable aws
NEW QUESTION # 15
When configuring Vault replication and monitoring its status, you keep seeing something called 'WALs'. What are WALs?
- A. wake after lan
- B. warning of allocated logs
- C. write along logging
- D. write-ahead log
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference links:-
https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/day-one/monitor-replication
https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/internals/replication
NEW QUESTION # 16
The security barrier protects all of the following Vault components except ___.
- A. audit devices
- B. auth method
- C. secret engine
- D. storage backend
- E. token store
Answer: D
Explanation:
storage backend and HTTP API are outside of the security barrier hence can't be protected.
NEW QUESTION # 17
When using constraint expressions to signify a version of a provider, which of the following are valid provider versions that satisfy the expression found in the following code snippet: (select two)
1. terraform {
2. required_providers {
3. aws = "~> 1.2.0"
4. }
5. }
- A. 1.2.3
- B. 1.3.1
- C. 1.2.9
- D. 1.3.0
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
~> 1.2.0 will match any non-beta version of the provider between >= 1.2.0 and < 1.3.0. For example, 1.2.X
https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/modules.html#gt-1-2-0-1
NEW QUESTION # 18
By default, where does Terraform store its state file?
- A. current working directory
- B. shared directory
- C. Amazon S3 bucket
- D. remotely using Terraform Cloud
Answer: A
Explanation:
By default, the state file is stored in a local file named "terraform.tfstate", but it can also be stored remotely, which works better in a team environment.
NEW QUESTION # 19
Beyond encryption and decryption of data, which of the following is not a function of the Vault transit secrets engine?
- A. act as a source of random bytes
- B. store the encrypted data securely in Vault for retrieval
- C. sign and verify data
- D. generate hashes and HMACs of data
Answer: B
Explanation:
Vault doesn't store the data sent to the secrets engine.
The transit secrets engine handles cryptographic functions on data-in-transit. It can also be viewed as "cryptography as a service" or "encryption as a service". The transit secrets engine can also sign and verify data; generate hashes and HMACs of data; and act as a source of random bytes.
NEW QUESTION # 20
After executing a terraform apply, you notice that a resource has a tilde (~) next to it. What does this infer?
- A. the resource will be created
- B. the resource will be updated in place
- C. the resource will be destroyed and recreated
- D. Terraform can't determine how to proceed due to a problem with the state file
Answer: B
Explanation:
The prefix -/+ means that Terraform will destroy and recreate the resource, rather than updating it in-place. Some attributes and resources can be updated in-place and are shown with the ~ prefix.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following Vault policies will allow a Vault client to read a secret stored at secrets/applications/app01/api_key?
- A. path "secrets/applications/" {
capabilities = ["read"]
allowed_parameters = {
"certificate" = []
}
} - B. path "secrets/applications/+/api_*" {
capabilities = ["read"]
} - C. path "secrets/applications/app01/api_key" {
capabilities = ["update", "list"]
} - D. path "secrets/*" {
capabilities = ["list"]
}
Answer: B
Explanation:
Wildcards and path segments can be used to allow access to a broader set of secrets rather than having to call out each individual secret itself. None of the other policies will allow a client to actually read the data stored at the path secrets/applications/app01/api_key
NEW QUESTION # 22
What type of token does not have a TTL (time to live)?
- A. default tokens
- B. child tokens
- C. expired tokens
- D. root tokens
- E. user tokens
- F. parent tokens
Answer: D
Explanation:
Non-root tokens are associated with a TTL, which determines how long a token is valid. Root tokens are not associated with a TTL, and therefore, do not expire.
Root tokens are tokens that have the root policy attached to them. They are the only type of token within Vault that are not associated with a TTL, and therefore, do not expire.
NEW QUESTION # 23
What system endpoint can you query to determine which node is the leader of a cluster?
- A. /sys/leader
- B. /sys/tools
- C. /sys/health
- D. /sys/init
Answer: A
Explanation:
The /sys/leader endpoint is used to check the current leader of Vault as well as high availability status.
NEW QUESTION # 24
In the example below, where is the value of the DNS record's IP address originating from?
1. resource "aws_route53_record" "www" {
2. zone_id = aws_route53_zone.primary.zone_id
3. name = "www.helloworld.com"
4. type = "A"
5. ttl = "300"
6. records = [module.web_server.instance_ip_addr]
7. }
- A. the regular expression named module.web_server
- B. the output of a module named web_server
- C. value of the web_server parameter from the variables.tf file
- D. by querying the AWS EC2 API to retrieve the IP address
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a parent module, outputs of child modules are available in expressions as module.<MODULE NAME>.<OUTPUT NAME>. For example, if a child module named web_server declared an output named instance_ip_addr, you could access that value as module.web_server.instance_ip_addr.
NEW QUESTION # 25
When creating a dynamic secret in Vault, Vault returns what value that can be used to renew or revoke the lease?
- A. token_revocation_id
- B. revocation_access
- C. lease_id
- D. vault_accessor
Answer: C
Explanation:
When reading a dynamic secret, such as via vault read, Vault always returns a lease_id. This is the ID used with commands such as vault lease renew and vault lease revoke to manage the lease of the secret.
vault lease lookup
Usage: vault lease <subcommand> [options] [args]
This command groups subcommands for interacting with leases. Users can revoke or renew leases.
Renew a lease:
$ vault lease renew database/creds/readonly/2f6a614c...
Revoke a lease:
$ vault lease revoke database/creds/readonly/2f6a614c...
Subcommands:
renew Renews the lease of a secret
revoke Revokes leases and secrets
Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/concepts/lease
NEW QUESTION # 26
You've hit the URL for the Vault UI, but you're presented with this screen. Why doesn't Vault present you with a way to log in?
- A. the consul storage backend was not configured correctly
- B. vault needs to be initialized before it can be used
- C. the vault configuration file has an incorrect configuration
- D. a vault policy is preventing you from logging in
Answer: B
Explanation:
Before Vault can be used, it must be initialized and unsealed. This screen indicates that Vault has not been initialized yet and is offering you a way to do so.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Select two answers to complete the following sentence:
Before a new provider can be used, it must be ______ and _______.
- A. uploaded to source control
- B. initialized
- C. approved by HashiCorp
- D. declared in the configuration
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Each time a new provider is added to configuration -- either explicitly via a provider block or by adding a resource from that provider -- Terraform must initialize the provider before it can be used. Initialization downloads and installs the provider's plugin so that it can later be executed.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which two characters can be used when writing a policy to reflect a wildcard or path segment? (select two)
- A. +
- B. *
- C. $
- D. &
- E. @
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The splat (*) can be used as a wildcard but can only be used at the very end of a path.
The plus sign (+) can be used in the middle of a path to denote a path segment.
NEW QUESTION # 29
You have been given requirements to create a security group for a new application. Since your organization standardizes on Terraform, you want to add this new security group with the fewest number of lines of code. What feature could you use to iterate over a list of required tcp ports to add to the new security group?
- A. dynamic block
- B. terraform import
- C. splat expression
- D. dynamic backend
Answer: A
Explanation:
A dynamic block acts much like a for expression but produces nested blocks instead of a complex typed value. It iterates over a given complex value and generates a nested block for each element of that complex value.
NEW QUESTION # 30
You want to encrypt a credit card number using the transit secrets engine. You enter the following command and receive an error. What can you do to ensure that the credit card number is properly encrypted and the ciphertext is returned?
1. $ vault write -format=json transit/encrypt/creditcards plaintext="1234 5678 9101 1121"
2. Error writing data to transit/encrypt/orders: Error making API request.
3.
4. URL: PUT http://10.25.16.165:8200/v1/transit/encrypt/creditcards
5. Code: 400. Errors:
6.
7. * illegal base64 data at input byte 4
- A. the plain text data needs to be encoded to base64
- B. the credit card number should not include spaces
- C. the token used to issue the encryption request does not have the appropriate permissions
- D. credit card numbers are not supported using the transit secrets engine since it is considered sensitive data
Answer: A
Explanation:
When you send data to Vault for encryption, it must be in the form of base64-encoded plaintext for safe transport.
NEW QUESTION # 31
When registering a plugin with Vault, where would you configure the location where the binaries are located in order for Vault to properly register the plugin?
- A. within the CLI command when registering a plug
- B. in the plugin configuration file using directory=<path>
- C. in the Vault configuration file using plugin_directory=<path>
- D. in the UI underneath the plugin tab
Answer: C
Explanation:
The plugin directory is a configuration option of Vault, and can be specified in the configuration file. This setting specifies a directory in which all plugin binaries must live; this value cannot be a symbolic link. A plugin can not be added to Vault unless it exists in the plugin directory. There is no default for this configuration option, and if it is not set plugins can not be added to Vault.
Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/internals/plugins
NEW QUESTION # 32
In regards to using a K/V v2 secrets engine, select the three correct statements below: (select three)
- A. issuing a vault kv metadata delete statement permanently deletes the secret
- B. issuing a vault kv destroy statement deletes all versions of a secret
- C. issuing a vault kv destroy statement permanently deletes a single version of a secret
- D. issuing a vault kv delete statement permanently deletes the secret
- E. issuing a vault kv delete statement performs a soft delete
Answer: A,C,E
Explanation:
The kv delete command is like a soft delete which deletes the data for the provided path in the key/value secrets engine. If using K/V Version 2, its versioned data will not be fully removed, but marked as deleted and will no longer be available for normal get requests.
The kv destroy command permanently removes the specified versions' data from the key/value secrets engine. If no key exists at the path, no action is taken. It does not deletes all versions of a secret.
The kv metadata delete command deletes all versions and metadata for the provided key.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Your organization is running Vault open source and has decided it wants to use the Identity secrets engine. You log into Vault but are unable to find it in the list to enable. What gives?
- A. this secrets engine will be mounted by default.
- B. because you are running open-source and the identity secrets engine is an Enterprise feature, it is not available to enable.
- C. the identity secrets engine was deprecated in previous versions
- D. the policy attached to your user doesn't allow access to the Identity secrets engine.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Identity secrets engine is the identity management solution for Vault. It internally maintains the clients who are recognized by Vault. This secrets engine will be mounted by default. This secrets engine cannot be disabled or moved.
Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/secrets/identity
NEW QUESTION # 34
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Preparing for the VA-002-P exam requires a good understanding of Vault's core concepts and features. HashiCorp provides various resources to help candidates prepare for the exam, including official Vault documentation, training courses, and practice exams. By passing the VA-002-P exam, professionals can demonstrate their expertise in using Vault and enhance their career opportunities in IT operations, DevOps, and security engineering.
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